AIRMEN’S JOURNAL
PILOT’S TALK
← Level B lessonsNORTHEAST STORM · LEVEL B · UNIT 12

Passengers Who, Waivers Which

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Practice note: Grammar examples and role-play details may be hypothetical. Questions explicitly about the article use the reported facts. This is a historical report, not current travel advice.

Words from the text: regional network, route, selected, customer, terms, disrupt, impact, affected, flexibility, figures, eligible, conditions

A We use who and which to give more information about a noun, without starting a new sentence. Use who for people and which for things. The clause comes right after the noun it describes.

Passengers who were scheduled to travel on affected routes could move their trips to alternative flights.

The airline issued a waiver which covers eligible travel for selected customers.

B The relative clause (with who/which) normally follows the noun or noun phrase it describes, even in the middle of a sentence. In Russian, a similar clause with «который» can be separated from its noun, but in English keep who/which close to the noun phrase to avoid ambiguity.

Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard are airports in Cape Air's regional network.

Customers who book flights to Boston can check the airline's terms before changing plans.

В русском «который» не всегда стоит сразу после слова, к которому относится. В английском придаточное обычно следует за определяемой именной группой; сохраняйте ясную связь между ними.

C To join two sentences into one, find the noun that is repeated in both. Replace it in the second sentence with who (for people) or which (for things), then join the sentences.

Delta introduced a waiver. The waiver has clear conditions. → Delta introduced a waiver which has clear conditions.

The storm has had a serious impact. It continues to disrupt flights across the Northeast. → The storm, which continues to disrupt flights across the Northeast, has had a serious impact.

Exercises

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12.1 Join the two sentences using who or which.

Example: Delta introduced a waiver. The waiver covers eligible customers. → Delta introduced a waiver which covers eligible customers.

  1. Cape Air canceled flights on routes. The routes were affected by the storm.
  2. Passengers could move their trips. The passengers were scheduled to travel on North Region routes.
  3. JetBlue issued a waiver. The waiver covers flights operated between September 25 and 27.
  4. Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard are airports. The airports are part of Cape Air's regional network.
  5. Delta warned customers. The customers had flights scheduled on Sunday.
  6. American Airlines issued waivers for selected airports. The airports were affected by the storm.
  7. The airline gave flexibility to customers. The customers were affected by the delays.
Answers

For open questions, these are model answers. Other answers may also be correct.

  1. Cape Air canceled flights on routes which were affected by the storm.
  2. Passengers who were scheduled to travel on North Region routes could move their trips.
  3. JetBlue issued a waiver which covers flights operated between September 25 and 27.
  4. Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard are airports which are part of Cape Air's regional network.
  5. Delta warned customers who had flights scheduled on Sunday.
  6. American Airlines issued waivers for selected airports which were affected by the storm.
  7. The airline gave flexibility to customers who were affected by the delays.

12.2 Complete the sentences with who or which.

Example: Delta has a weather waiver ______ covers Boston flights. → which

  1. Passengers were traveling through Boston faced long delays.
  2. The storm hit the Northeast caused hundreds of cancelations.
  3. Customers booked flights on affected routes can change their plans.
  4. FlightAware recorded figures show the scale of the disruption.
  5. United Airlines issued a waiver covers selected airports.
  6. Passengers need flexibility can check the airline's terms.
  7. Cape Air operates a regional network includes Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard.
Answers

For open questions, these are model answers. Other answers may also be correct.

  1. who
  2. which
  3. who
  4. which
  5. which
  6. who
  7. which

12.3 Read each sentence from the news report. Find the relative clause with who/which and write the noun (or noun phrase) it describes.

Example: The airline said that passengers who were scheduled to travel on affected routes could move their trips. → passengers

  1. FlightAware is a flight-tracking service which recorded 253 cancelations at Logan.
  2. JetBlue has issued a Northeast weather waiver, which covers flights operated between September 25 and 27.
  3. Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard are airports which are part of Cape Air's regional network.
  4. Delta has given flexibility to customers who were affected by the storm.
  5. Cape Air announced a waiver which covers eligible customers on selected routes.
  6. Passengers who need to change their plans should check the airline's terms.
  7. The storm, which continues to disrupt the Northeast, has had a big impact.
Answers

For open questions, these are model answers. Other answers may also be correct.

  1. service
  2. waiver
  3. airports
  4. customers
  5. waiver
  6. Passengers
  7. the storm