Flights Operated Between: Reduced Relative Clauses

Practice note: Grammar examples and role-play details may be hypothetical. Questions explicitly about the article use the reported facts. This is a historical report, not current travel advice.

Words from the text: flights operated between, data reported by, airports affected by the storm, flights covered by the policy, cancelations recorded at, wider, nor'easter, disruption, scale, severe, significant, adjust, beyond

A In news and operational texts, relative clauses are often shortened to make sentences tighter. When the clause is passive (which/that + be + past participle), you can drop which/that + be and keep only the participle. The participle then works like an adjective, describing the noun in front of it. This is called a reduced relative clause.

The nor'easter has caused significant disruption to flights operated between Boston and New York. (= flights which are operated between...)

Cancelations recorded at Logan on Saturday reached 253, showing the scale of the disruption. (= cancelations which were recorded at...)

Airports affected by the storm include Boston, Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. (= airports which are affected by the storm)

Data reported by FlightAware confirmed 95 cancelations at Delta. (= data which was reported by...)

Flights covered by the policy have not all been canceled — some are still operating. (= flights which are covered by the policy)

В новостном стиле союзное слово which/that и глагол be часто опускаются, если оставшаяся часть — причастие (V3).

B The same rule applies to clauses about people with who: who + be + V3/adjective is reduced to the participle or adjective alone. This pattern is very common in airline announcements about passengers and customers.

Passengers scheduled to travel on North Region routes could move their trips to alternative flights without paying extra. (= passengers who were scheduled to travel...)

Customers able to change their bookings used the Delta waiver before Sunday. (= customers who were able to change...)

Saturday's disruption was severe for Cape Air passengers scheduled to travel to the islands, so the airline adjusted its schedule.

Та же модель для людей: who + be + V3/прилагательное → просто V3/прилагательное.

C This unit focuses on reduced passive relative clauses. Expand a past-participle modifier using who/which + an appropriate form of be. Context determines the tense; the participle itself has no tense.

Flights operated between JFK and Boston → flights which are/were operated between JFK and Boston.

Passengers scheduled to travel → passengers who are/were scheduled to travel.

Active relative clauses can also be reduced in suitable contexts, using -ing: airlines that operate in the region → airlines operating in the region. This is a different pattern from the passive examples here.

Здесь изучаем сокращение пассивных придаточных. Активные -ing обороты также существуют; нельзя запрещать их общим правилом.